Achievement of Balanced Activity between Oncogenes, Tumor-suppresser Genes and their Protein Products in Human, Rat and Mouse Experimental Models

Investigations on the biology of the stem cells are directed particularly on their self-renewal and differentiation abilities. These features give possibilities for application of the stem cells in different fields of medical practice, for various regenerative procedures, taking in consideration their capability to differentiate to respective mature cellular lineages. For prevention of malignant cellular transformation on the one hand, as well as of degenerative changes on the other, of key importance is balanced activity between oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, as well as of the protein products, coded by genes of the two types, on both cellular and organism levels, in in vitro- and in vivo-conditions. It is important, however, the functions of the oncogenes and coded by them oncoproteins, to be activated by ways, by which to be escaped eventual neo-plastic cellular transformations and metastatic process, respectively, by generation, for instance, of adequate anti-malignant immune response on the influence of the protein products of oncogenes in their role of active antigens. Analogically, the functions of tumor-suppressor genes and coded by them proteins, to be activated by ways, by which, besides tumor-suppressor functions, they also protect against various degenerative processes (instead activating them, which is characteristic for the most of them in the ageing process). For this goal, as very important is proved bounded small ions and/or molecules to respective tumor-suppressor protein. In this way, the so bounded small ions and molecules could help of the respective tumor-suppressor protein to suppress the functions of unlocking degenerative processes bio-molecules, by various intra- and extra-cellular inter-molecular interactions and cascade regulatory pathways.