A Study of Histopathological Spectrum of Lesions in Cervix Biopsies in a Tertiary Care Hospital

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Introduction: Uterine cervix is prone to numerous infections, inflammations and malignancy. cervical cancer is the most common cancer in women which may be detected early with the aid of doing screening examination.

Aim: This study was done to examine and analyze the histopathological lesions of cervix and to evaluate the frequency of these lesions, to understand the spectrum of various neoplastic and non-neoplastic cervical lesions and to study the incidence and frequency of various cervical lesions in different age groups so as to target them for various diagnoses, early detection and raising awareness.

Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted for a duration of 15 months from January 2019 to March 2020 retrospectively. Different types of pathological lesions in cervix were analyzed in the department of Pathology at Saveetha medical college.

Methodology: This study consists of a total of 534 cases, Patients’ available clinical profile and the histopathologic diagnosis were noted from the registers and all cases of cervical biopsies over the above time period were included for this study. The diagnoses were then classified into non-neoplastic, pre-invasive and invasive lesions and statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS statistical package version 23 and JASP statistical package version 0.13.1.

Results: In this study, 534 cases are studied. The most common age group associated with the occurrence of cervical lesions were 41-50 years, among them the most common non-neoplastic lesion was chronic cervicitis and the most common malignant lesion observed was squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusion: In this study, non-neoplastic lesions were more common as compared to neoplastic lesions, adding to that chronic cervicitis being the most common. Histopathological examination and tissue biopsy help in the early detection and diagnosis of malignant and premalignant conditions. These prognostic measures could help the patients to have better treatment options and can at times reduce the fatality rate.