Haematological Insight: An Epidemiological Study on Prevalence of Anaemia in Diverse Blood Groups within the Population of Hyderabad Sindh

Background:In Pakistan, iron deficiency anaemia(IDA) is the leading blood disorder due to dietary deficiencies, which is defined by the WHO as low Haemoglobin levels and low red cell death due to a deficiency of iron in the body. This is especially true for lower socioeconomic groups because of cultural influences and a lack of resources. All genders and age groups are affected by iron deficiency anemia (IDA), which can cause microcytic and hypochromic disease with a range of clinical consequences. According to many recent studies, there may be a connection between blood types and IDA, with those who belong to blood groups O and B perhaps at higher risk of developing the anemia. Confirmation of these links and comprehension of the underlying mechanisms need more study.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted at the emergency department of Liaquat University Hospital from June to August 2022 that involved 400 patients who were divided into two groups: a control group comprising 285 patients who were not suffering from iron deficiency anaemia and a study group comprising 415 patients suffering from iron deficiency anemia excluding those with other diseases. A formal consent preceded comprehensive clinical examinations, including blood pressure, pulse rate, and oxygen saturation measurements. Blood group determination employed the glass slide agglutination method, distinguishing A, B, AB, and O groups. Haemoglobin levels were assessed using Sahli's hemoglobinometer, while the complete blood picture was obtained by the blood CP report of the hospital laboratory. Statistical analyses, including Fischer's exact test, were performed using GraphPad 9 prism. Specificity/sensitivity, likelihood ratios, and odds ratios were calculated for further analysis.

Conclusion: This study shows a significant relationship between various blood groups and the prevalence of anaemia in the population.